Revolutionary Allies

Foreign Friends of American Independence

In 1775, thirteen American colonies rebelled against British rule despite being almost incapable of defending themselves. Lacking a navy, strong industry, and professional army, their success against the British Empire seemed unlikely. Their independence was won not only by soldiers, but through the efforts of diplomats, politicians, merchants, spies, money-launderers, and gunrunners. As France, Spain, and the Dutch Republic were drawn into the war against England, a colonial dispute over taxation grew into a global conflict that reshaped empires. 

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